See Figure 1 and Figure 2. The Electric Vehicle (EV) Powertrain consists of the Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) and the Power Electronics Unit (PEU). High Voltage (HV)Direct Current (DC) power is transmitted from the RESS to the PEU through a pair of internal HV bus bars. Regenerative power created from the PEU is transferred back to the RESS through the same HV bus bars.

The RESS is the HV battery for the vehicle. This houses all the HV potential to operate the vehicle. The Battery Management Unit (BMU) is located inside the RESS. It controls battery functions and is the Low Voltage (LV) interface for the RESS to the rest of the vehicle. It also controls the contactors and manages the open and close requests for them.

Located in the battery disconnect unit internal to the RESS, main contactors connect and disconnect the high voltage battery pack to the PEU.

The PEU can request for contact opening and closing over the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. The RESS will send signals indicating when contactors are open or closed. Main contact functionality can be requested in any vehicle state and contact state. Changes will depend on PEU status.

The contactors are activated by the vehicle 12 V system. Removing the vehicle main fuse or 12 V battery supply will cause the contactors to open and removes high voltage from the RESS connectors. A 12 V signal is routed to each HV connector on the RESS to monitor if the connectors are latched or unlatched. The connectors will not close if they are unlatched and an alert will be displayed. The HV contactors will open immediately if they are unlatched.

The PEU controls when propulsion is enabled and receives input from the Body Control Module (BCM), Jiffy Stand Sensor (JSS) and Twist Grip Sensor (TGS). The enable function checks a series of interlocks and conditions to verify the vehicle is ready for propulsion. The PEU will respond to BCM power mode signals to inhibit propulsion when the vehicle is in motion and to disable propulsion when the vehicle is stopped.

The PEU determines the position of the jiffy stand through the JSS. If the jiffy stand is down the PEU will not allow the bike to enter propulsion mode.

The TGS supplies the throttle position to the PEU. The PEU uses this information to determine the amount of electrical power to supply to the motor.

The PEU contains the Onboard Charger (OBC) and Vehicle Supervisory Controller (VSC) which perform all the functions needed to charge the RESS and control the drive motor. It controls the application of power, torque and their limits. The PEU calculates the watt hours per kilometer average and estimates the range remaining using internal signals and signals from the RESS.

The propulsion system should be enabled only when the vehicle is ready to be ridden or when required during diagnostic testing. The enable function checks a series of interlocks and conditions to verify that the vehicle is ready for propulsion.

The BCM manages several of the functions when determining if the vehicle is ready for propulsion. It first determines the state of the security system. The security must be disarmed for the vehicle to enter propulsion mode. When the OFF/RUN switch is pressed, the BCM supplies system power to the RESS and PEU. The PEU monitors the JSS, TGS and fork lock. The PEU will not allow propulsion if the JSS indicates the stand is down or if the twist grip is not released. Propulsion is also disabled anytime the fork lock is locked. The PEU, RESS and BCM all communicate to verify the system is operating correctly and all the requirements are met to allow for propulsion.

The internal high voltage contactors are controlled by the 12 V system. Therefore, any issue causing the 12 V system or the BCM to lose power will cause propulsion to be disabled. As long as all the criteria are met and the 12 V system is functioning the vehicle will enter propulsion mode when the start switch is pressed.